Pack contents: The Gambia

In short

Two packs are written for The Gambia, in dalasis (GMD). A workspace whose jurisdiction is The Gambia (gm) sees them first in the rule library, marked Recommended for its kind of institution:

• gm-psp 1.0.0 (8 rules): mobile money operators, payment service providers and agent networks.
• gm-bank 1.0.0 (8 rules): banks, microfinance and finance companies.

Two rules, gm.ctr_cash (GM1) and gm.border_region (GM2), are in both, so there are 14 different rules. All are post-event except gm.sim_swap_payout, which runs in a real-time decision. Every rule arrives switched off, and every rule has a French name and description, shown in a workspace using French (see Languages).

Most rules reuse a core, Ghana, Nigerian or UEMOA rule by reference: they run exactly the same logic with amounts in dalasis. The pages for those base rules explain how they work.

Nothing on this page is confirmed: verify it with counsel

Every threshold, deadline and detail about the financial intelligence unit here comes from SpeculaPro’s own research of public sources. None has been confirmed by the Central Bank of The Gambia or the Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU), or reviewed by a lawyer. The packs and the jurisdiction mark each such value to verify with counsel. This page is not legal advice. Before you switch a rule on or rely on a figure, verify it with your legal counsel and your MLRO, and confirm it with the regulator. Each pack below lists what to verify.

Only one amount per pack is a legal figure

The cash reporting threshold is the only amount meant to follow the law, and it is itself to verify. Every other amount is a starting value in dalasis, chosen to be plausible, not taken from a regulation. Set each for your own customers when you review the rule.

gm.ctr_cash follows your workspace’s cash reporting setting: its comparison parameter defaults to workspace, so whether a transaction of exactly the threshold counts is decided by Report when the day’s cash is under Settings → Reporting, and the rule and the drafted cash transaction reports agree. See At or above, or above only.

gm.border_region needs to know where a transaction took place: send the place in the transaction’s attributes as region, district, town or branch_region. It matches the places named in its regions parameter and any you add to a list with the key high_risk_regions (see Lists).

The shared packs install rough GMD amounts

The jurisdiction also recommends core, fraud and global-fatf. From core 1.4.0, fraud 1.4.0 and global-fatf 1.2.0 they install default amounts in dalasis, so the rule library no longer warns about the currency. Those amounts are the US dollar figures scaled at a rough exchange rate and rounded, with the cash reporting threshold above in the large-cash and structuring rules. They are unverified starting points: review every amount for your customers before you enable a rule. See Packs written in another currency.

All rules at a glance

Key	Library	Name	Pack	Mode · action	Alert about	Severity · score
gm.ctr_cash	GM1	Cash transaction at the FIU reporting threshold	gm-psp	post-event · alert	customer	low · 20
gm.structuring_below_ctr	GM3	Repeated cash-ins just below the reporting threshold	gm-psp	post-event · alert	customer	high · 70
gm.split_cash_in_agents	GM4	Cash-in split across many agents	gm-psp	post-event · alert	customer	high · 70
gm.cash_out_after_cash_in	GM5	Cash-out soon after cash-in	gm-psp	post-event · alert	customer	high · 60
gm.sim_swap_payout	GM6	Payout soon after a SIM swap	gm-psp	real-time · block	customer	critical · 85
gm.cross_border_wallet	GM7	Cross-border mobile money transfer	gm-psp	post-event · alert	customer	medium · 40
gm.collection_wallet_sweep	GM8	Collection wallet swept to a bank	gm-psp	post-event · alert	customer	high · 60
gm.border_region	GM2	Cash or wallet activity in a border or mining area	gm-psp	post-event · alert	customer	medium · 40
gm.ctr_cash	GM1	Cash transaction at the FIU reporting threshold	gm-bank	post-event · alert	customer	low · 20
gmb.deposit_structuring	GMB1	Cash deposits just below the reporting threshold	gm-bank	post-event · alert	customer	high · 70
gmb.pep_large	GMB2	PEP transaction above GMD 350,000	gm-bank	post-event · alert	customer	high · 70
gmb.dormant_reactivation	GMB3	Dormant account suddenly active	gm-bank	post-event · alert	customer	medium · 45
gmb.new_payee_large	GMB4	Large GamSwitch instant transfer to a new payee	gm-bank	post-event · alert	customer	medium · 50
gmb.fx_cash	GMB5	Foreign-currency cash of USD 10,000 or more	gm-bank	post-event · alert	customer	medium · 40
gmb.commodity_trade_hubs	GMB6	Re-export or timber trader paying or paid from a trading hub	gm-bank	post-event · alert	customer	medium · 50
gm.border_region	GM2	Cash or wallet activity in a border or mining area	gm-bank	post-event · alert	customer	medium · 40

The gm-psp pack (8 rules)

The Gambia mobile money, PSP and agents (in French: Gambie : mobile money, PSP et agents), version 1.0.0.

Typologies for The Gambia’s mobile money operators, payment service providers, remittance agents and agent networks (Wave, Afrimoney and QMoney), in dalasis: the FIU cash reporting threshold and structuring below it, smurfing through agents, cash moved through a wallet, SIM-swap payouts, cross-border wallet transfers, collection wallets swept to a bank, activity in border and mining areas. Most rules reuse core, Ghana and Nigeria rules by reference with local amounts. Values come from SpeculaPro’s research, not from an official confirmation: to verify with counsel, and confirm each with the Central Bank of The Gambia and the FIU before go-live.

To verify with counsel

None of these is confirmed. They come from SpeculaPro’s research, not from the regulator or a lawyer. This is not legal advice: verify each with counsel and confirm it with the regulator before relying on it:

• To verify with counsel: CTR thresholds GMD 450,000 (individual) and GMD 2,000,000 (business), and same-day aggregation
• The places in the border and mining area rule: add your own on the high_risk_regions list
• Every amount that isn’t the CTR threshold is a starting value in dalasis, not a regulatory figure: set it for your customers
• Mobile money wallet and transaction limits set by the Central Bank of The Gambia: none is built into this pack; to verify with counsel and add as rules of your own

Sources the pack cites:

• Anti-Money Laundering and Combating of Terrorism Financing Act, 2012
• Central Bank of The Gambia: AML/CFT guidelines and mobile money regulations
• GIABA: mutual evaluation report of The Gambia (second round, 2022)

gm.ctr_cash

Cash transaction at the FIU reporting threshold · library GM1 · Cash reporting threshold (CTR) · alert about the customer · severity low, score 20

In French: Opération en espèces au seuil de déclaration de la FIU.

Cash deposits, withdrawals, cash-ins and cash-outs of GMD 450,000 or more for an individual or GMD 2,000,000 or more for a business: a cash transaction report to the FIU is due (AML/CFT Act 2012 and FIU guidelines, as commonly cited). Whether a transaction of exactly the threshold counts follows the workspace’s CTR setting (Settings → Reporting), which starts as “at or above” in The Gambia, so this rule and the CTR drafts always agree. To verify with counsel, and confirm the thresholds and their application with the FIU. Reuses the Nigerian CTR rule with The Gambia’s amounts.

Reuses the logic of ng.ctr_cash (from ng-psp) with the parameters below; only the values differ.

Parameter	Meaning	Default
threshold_individual	Individuals: above (base currency)	450,000
threshold_business	Businesses: above (base currency)	2,000,000
comparison	Report when the amount is: what Settings → Reporting says for CTRs (workspace), above the threshold (gt), or at or above it (gte)	"workspace"

Explanation shown to analysts: Cash {{txn.type}} of {{txn.base_currency}} {{txn.amount}} by {{= customer.type == ‘business’ ? ‘a business’ : ‘an individual’ }} is {{= (params.comparison == ‘workspace’ ? workspace.ctr_comparison : params.comparison) == ‘gte’ ? ‘at or above’ : ‘above’ }} the FIU cash reporting threshold. Confirm with current FIU guidance.

gm.structuring_below_ctr

Repeated cash-ins just below the reporting threshold · library GM3 · Structuring / smurfing · alert about the customer · severity high, score 70

In French: Dépôts d’espèces répétés juste sous le seuil de déclaration.

Cash-ins just below GMD 450,000 repeated within 48 hours and together above it: structuring to avoid a cash transaction report to the FIU. Reuses the core structuring rule with The Gambia’s threshold.

Reuses the logic of core.structuring (from core) with the parameters below; only the values differ.

Parameter	Meaning	Default
threshold	Threshold being avoided	450,000
margin	Margin below threshold (0.10 = 10%)	0.1
min_count	Minimum cash-ins in 48h	3

Explanation shown to analysts: {{features.cash_in_count_48h}} cash-ins totalling {{txn.base_currency}} {{features.cash_in_sum_48h}} in 48h; this one ({{txn.base_currency}} {{txn.amount}}) is just below the {{txn.base_currency}} {{params.threshold}} FIU reporting threshold.

gm.split_cash_in_agents

Cash-in split across many agents · library GM4 · Smurfing through agents · alert about the customer · severity high, score 70

In French: Dépôts d’espèces répartis entre de nombreux agents.

Cash-ins through several agents in a day adding up to a large sum: smurfing through the agent network of Wave, Afrimoney and QMoney. Reuses the Ghana rule with an amount in dalasis.

Reuses the logic of gh.split_cash_in_agents (from gh-psp) with the parameters below; only the values differ.

Parameter	Meaning	Default
min_agents	Distinct agents in 24h	4
min_total	Total cash-in in 24h (base currency)	75,000

Explanation shown to analysts: Cash-ins via {{features.agents_24h}} different agents totalling {{txn.base_currency}} {{features.cash_in_24h}} in 24h.

gm.cash_out_after_cash_in

Cash-out soon after cash-in · library GM5 · Wallet used as pass-through · alert about the customer · severity high, score 60

In French: Retrait d’espèces peu après un dépôt.

Most of what was cashed in at an agent is cashed out within two hours, often in another town: the wallet is used to move cash, not to hold or spend it. Reuses the Ghana rule with an amount in dalasis.

Reuses the logic of gh.cash_out_after_cash_in (from gh-psp) with the parameters below; only the values differ.

Parameter	Meaning	Default
min_amount	Minimum cash-in (base currency)	35,000
ratio	Cash-out as share of cash-in	0.8

Explanation shown to analysts: {{txn.base_currency}} {{features.cash_in_2h}} cashed in and {{txn.base_currency}} {{features.cash_out_2h}} cashed out within 2 hours.

gm.sim_swap_payout

Payout soon after a SIM swap · library GM6 · SIM swap · real-time, answers block · about the customer · severity critical, score 85

In French: Paiement peu après un changement de carte SIM.

SIM-swap fraud: the fraudster has the customer’s number moved to another SIM, receives the PIN reset and one-time codes and empties the wallet. Reuses the Ghana rule with an amount in dalasis.

Reuses the logic of gh.sim_swap_payout (from gh-psp) with the parameters below; only the values differ.

Parameter	Meaning	Default
sim_change_hours	Hours since the SIM swap	48
threshold	Payout at or above (base currency)	5,000

Explanation shown to analysts: SIM swapped {{customer.hours_since.sim_swap}} hours before this payout of {{txn.base_currency}} {{txn.amount}} (rule window: {{params.sim_change_hours}} hours).

gm.cross_border_wallet

Cross-border mobile money transfer · library GM7 · Cross-border mobile money · alert about the customer · severity medium, score 40

In French: Transfert mobile money transfrontalier.

A wallet transfer to or from another country at or above the amount. The main corridors are Senegal, which surrounds the country, and Guinea-Bissau; cross-border wallets carry informal trade and remittances, and with them cash-courier and exchange-control risk. Leave the corridor list empty to watch every country, or name the ones to watch.

Parameter	Meaning	Default
home_country	Home country (ISO code)	"GM"
corridors	Only these countries (ISO codes; empty = every other country)	[]
min_amount	Amount at or above (base currency)	35,000

Explanation shown to analysts: {{txn.base_currency}} {{txn.amount}} by mobile money to/from {{txn.counterparty_country}}, outside The Gambia.

Expression

txn.channel == 'momo' && txn.amount >= params.min_amount && txn.counterparty_country != '' && txn.counterparty_country != params.home_country && (size(params.corridors) == 0 || txn.counterparty_country in params.corridors)

gm.collection_wallet_sweep

Collection wallet swept to a bank · library GM8 · Collection wallet · alert about the customer · severity high, score 60

In French: Porte-monnaie de collecte vidé vers une banque.

Many senders pay into one wallet over a week and most of it then leaves to a bank account: a collection point for a scam, an unlicensed deposit-taker or a mule. Reuses the Ghana rule.

Reuses the logic of gh.wallet_sweep_to_bank (from gh-psp) with the parameters below; only the values differ.

Parameter	Meaning	Default
min_senders	Distinct senders in 7 days	10
sweep_ratio	Transfer as share of 7-day inflow	0.7

Explanation shown to analysts: {{features.senders_7d}} senders paid in {{txn.base_currency}} {{features.in_7d}} over 7 days; {{txn.base_currency}} {{txn.amount}} is now leaving to a bank.

gm.border_region

Cash or wallet activity in a border or mining area · library GM2 · Border / cash courier risk · alert about the customer · severity medium, score 40

In French: Opération en espèces ou par porte-monnaie dans une zone frontalière ou minière.

A cash or mobile money transaction at or above the amount in an area named in the rule or on the workspace’s high_risk_regions list: by default the border crossings with Senegal (Amdallai, Giboro, Farafenni, Soma, Sabi) and the upriver trading town of Basse. Cash couriers, smuggling proceeds and informal cross-border trade concentrate there. Send the place in txn.attributes (region, district, town or branch_region). Reuses the Ghana border-area rule with The Gambia’s places and an amount in dalasis.

Reuses the logic of gh.border_region (from gh-psp) with the parameters below; only the values differ.

Parameter	Meaning	Default
regions	Areas (towns, districts or regions)	["Farafenni", "Amdallai", "Giboro", "Basse", "Soma", "Sabi", "Kerr Ali", "Brikama", "Barra"]
channels	Only these channels (empty = all)	["cash", "agent", "branch", "momo"]
min_amount	Amount at or above (base currency)	30,000

Explanation shown to analysts: {{txn.base_currency}} {{txn.amount}} by {{txn.channel}} in {{= [‘region’, ‘district’, ‘town’, ‘branch_region’].filter(k, k in txn.attributes).map(k, string(txn.attributes[k])).join(’, ’) }}, a border or high-risk area.

The gm-bank pack (8 rules)

The Gambia banks (in French: Gambie : banques), version 1.0.0.

Typologies for The Gambia’s commercial banks, microfinance and other deposit-taking institutions, in dalasis: the FIU cash reporting threshold and deposits structured below it, PEP activity, dormant accounts, large transfers to new payees, foreign-currency cash, commodity traders dealing with trading hubs, activity in border and mining areas. Most rules reuse core, Ghana and Nigeria rules by reference with local amounts. Values come from SpeculaPro’s research, not from an official confirmation: to verify with counsel, and confirm each with the Central Bank of The Gambia and the FIU before go-live.

To verify with counsel

None of these is confirmed. They come from SpeculaPro’s research, not from the regulator or a lawyer. This is not legal advice: verify each with counsel and confirm it with the regulator before relying on it:

• To verify with counsel: CTR thresholds GMD 450,000 (individual) and GMD 2,000,000 (business), and same-day aggregation
• The places in the border and mining area rule: add your own on the high_risk_regions list
• Every amount that isn’t the CTR threshold is a starting value in dalasis, not a regulatory figure: set it for your customers
• Foreign-currency cash threshold USD 10,000 and its equivalent in dalasis (threshold_base), to keep in line with the exchange rate

Sources the pack cites:

• Anti-Money Laundering and Combating of Terrorism Financing Act, 2012
• Central Bank of The Gambia: AML/CFT guidelines and mobile money regulations
• GIABA: mutual evaluation report of The Gambia (second round, 2022)

gmb.deposit_structuring

Cash deposits just below the reporting threshold · library GMB1 · Structuring / smurfing · alert about the customer · severity high, score 70

In French: Dépôts d’espèces juste sous le seuil de déclaration.

Cash deposits at the counter just below GMD 450,000, repeated within 48 hours and together above it: structuring to avoid a cash transaction report to the FIU. Reuses the Nigerian bank rule with The Gambia’s threshold.

Reuses the logic of ngb.deposit_structuring (from ng-bank) with the parameters below; only the values differ.

Parameter	Meaning	Default
threshold	Threshold being avoided (base currency)	450,000
margin	Just below = within (0.1 = 10%)	0.1
min_count	Deposits in 48 hours, at least	3

Explanation shown to analysts: {{features.deposits_48h}} cash deposits totalling {{txn.base_currency}} {{features.deposit_sum_48h}} in 48 hours; this one ({{txn.base_currency}} {{txn.amount}}) is just below the {{txn.base_currency}} {{params.threshold}} threshold.

gmb.pep_large

PEP transaction above GMD 350,000 · library GMB2 · Politically exposed person · alert about the customer · severity high, score 70

In French: Opération d’une PPE au-dessus de 350 000 GMD.

A politically exposed person’s transaction at or above the amount: enhanced due diligence and senior management approval apply to PEPs under the Central Bank of The Gambia’s AML/CFT rules and FATF Recommendation 12. The amount is a starting value, not a legal threshold. Reuses the core PEP rule with an amount in dalasis.

Reuses the logic of core.pep_threshold (from core) with the parameters below; only the values differ.

Parameter	Meaning	Default
threshold	Threshold (base currency)	350,000

Explanation shown to analysts: Customer is a PEP; transaction of {{txn.base_currency}} {{txn.amount}} is at or above {{txn.base_currency}} {{params.threshold}}.

gmb.dormant_reactivation

Dormant account suddenly active · library GMB3 · Dormant account reactivation · alert about the customer · severity medium, score 45

In French: Compte dormant redevenu soudainement actif.

An account with no activity for 90 days suddenly moving money: takeover, or reuse as a mule account. Reuses the core rule with an amount in dalasis.

Reuses the logic of core.dormant_reactivation (from core) with the parameters below; only the values differ.

Parameter	Meaning	Default
dormant_days	Minimum account age (days); the quiet period is fixed at 90 days	90
min_amount	Minimum amount (base currency)	50,000

Explanation shown to analysts: No activity in the 90 days before today on an account {{account.age_days}} days old, then {{txn.base_currency}} {{txn.amount}}.

gmb.new_payee_large

Large GamSwitch instant transfer to a new payee · library GMB4 · Authorised push-payment fraud · alert about the customer · severity medium, score 50

In French: Virement instantané GamSwitch important vers un nouveau bénéficiaire.

A large GamSwitch instant transfer to a payee the customer has never paid: authorised push payment fraud and account takeover. Reuses the Ghana instant-payment rule with an amount in dalasis.

Reuses the logic of ghb.gip_new_payee_large (from gh-bank) with the parameters below; only the values differ.

Parameter	Meaning	Default
threshold	Amount at or above (base currency)	200,000

Explanation shown to analysts: First instant transfer to this beneficiary: {{txn.base_currency}} {{txn.amount}}.

gmb.fx_cash

Foreign-currency cash of USD 10,000 or more · library GMB5 · Foreign-currency cash reporting · alert about the customer · severity medium, score 40

In French: Espèces en devises de 10 000 USD ou plus.

Cash in a foreign currency of USD 10,000 or more (or the same in euros or pounds), or worth GMD 720,000 or more: dollar and euro cash is how value crosses borders in a cash economy, and USD 10,000 is the cross-border declaration amount used across ECOWAS. A starting value, not a confirmed legal threshold in The Gambia (to verify with counsel). Reuses the Ghana foreign-currency cash rule.

Reuses the logic of ghb.fx_cash (from gh-bank) with the parameters below; only the values differ.

Parameter	Meaning	Default
threshold	Threshold in the transaction’s currency (major units, with that currency’s decimals)	10,000
threshold_base	Or at or above this in the base currency (0: off)	720,000
currencies	Currencies	["USD", "EUR", "GBP"]

Explanation shown to analysts: Cash {{txn.type}} in {{txn.currency}} worth {{txn.base_currency}} {{txn.amount}}: at or above the {{params.threshold}} foreign-currency cash threshold. Confirm the threshold with current FIU guidance.

gmb.commodity_trade_hubs

Re-export or timber trader paying or paid from a trading hub · library GMB6 · Commodity trade / trade-based money laundering · alert about the customer · severity medium, score 50

In French: Négociant en réexportation ou en bois en relation avec une place de négoce.

The Gambia is a re-export hub for its neighbours and has been a transit point for trafficked rosewood (GIABA mutual evaluation 2022; real estate bought with funds from abroad is the other risk it names): a trader in those sectors moving money with China, Dubai, Beirut, India or Turkey outside its declared trade deserves a look. Matches a business whose segment, or customer.attributes.sector, is one of the sectors, on a payment to or from one of the hubs at or above the amount.

Parameter	Meaning	Default
sectors	Customer sectors (segment or attributes.sector, lower case; empty = every business)	["timber", "re-export", "import_export", "real_estate"]
hubs	Trading hub countries (ISO codes)	["CN", "AE", "LB", "IN", "TR"]
min_amount	Amount at or above (base currency)	700,000

Explanation shown to analysts: {{txn.base_currency}} {{txn.amount}} {{txn.direction}} with {{txn.counterparty_country}}, a trading hub for this customer’s sector.

Expression

customer.type == 'business' && txn.counterparty_country in params.hubs && txn.amount >= params.min_amount && (size(params.sectors) == 0 || customer.segment.lowerAscii() in params.sectors || ('sector' in customer.attributes && string(customer.attributes.sector).lowerAscii() in params.sectors))

Also in this pack, described above:

Key	Library	Name
gm.ctr_cash	GM1	Cash transaction at the FIU reporting threshold
gm.border_region	GM2	Cash or wallet activity in a border or mining area

Related

• Pack contents
• Jurisdictions
• Pack contents: FATF baseline
• Pack contents: Nigeria
• Installing a pack