Pack contents: UEMOA

In short

Two packs follow the rules shared by the eight states of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA: Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo), in francs CFA (XOF). A workspace whose jurisdiction is one of those states sees them first in the rule library:

• uemoa-emi 1.1.0 (8 rules): e-money issuers and mobile money (Orange Money, Wave, MTN MoMo, Moov Money).
• uemoa-bank 1.0.0 (8 rules): banks and microfinance institutions.

uemoa.cash_report (UE1) is in both, so there are 15 different rules. All are post-event except uemoa.sim_swap_payout, which runs in a real-time decision. Every rule arrives switched off, and every rule has a French name and description.

Several rules reuse a core, Ghana or Nigerian rule by reference with UEMOA amounts.

Every value here is to be confirmed

The thresholds come from SpeculaPro’s research of BCEAO texts, chiefly Décision n°021 of 21 December 2023 under the uniform AML/CFT/PF law. Confirm each with the BCEAO, the Commission Bancaire de l’UMOA and your CENTIF before relying on a rule. Each pack lists what to confirm.

E-money caps change on 2 November 2026

uemoa.emi_monthly_topup and uemoa.emi_balance_cap carry both sets of caps and switch by themselves. Until 1 November 2026 they apply today’s caps: XOF 10,000,000 of top-ups a month and a XOF 2,000,000 balance. From 2 November 2026 they apply the new ones: XOF 15,000,000 and XOF 4,000,000. Each rule compares the transaction’s own date (txn.date, in your workspace’s timezone) with its new_limit_from parameter, so there is nothing to change on the day. If the BCEAO moves the date, change new_limit_from in a new version; leave it empty to stay on today’s caps. Packs installed at version 1.0.0 defaulted to the new caps: update the pack to 1.1.0.

uemoa.emi_balance_cap needs the wallet’s balance after each transaction: send it as balance_after in the transaction’s attributes. Transactions without it are skipped. See Sending transactions.

All rules at a glance

Key	Library	Name	Pack	Mode · action	Alert about	Severity · score
uemoa.cash_report	UE1	Cash transaction at or above the CENTIF reporting threshold	uemoa-emi	post-event · alert	customer	low · 20
uemoa.linked_cash_daily	UE2	Several cash operations in a day above XOF 9 million together	uemoa-emi	post-event · alert	customer	medium · 50
uemoa.emi_monthly_topup	UE3	E-money top-ups above the BCEAO monthly cap	uemoa-emi	post-event · alert	customer	medium · 45
uemoa.emi_balance_cap	UE4	E-money balance above the BCEAO cap	uemoa-emi	post-event · alert	account	medium · 40
uemoa.split_cash_in_agents	UE5	Cash-in split across many agents	uemoa-emi	post-event · alert	customer	high · 70
uemoa.cash_out_after_cash_in	UE6	Cash-out right after cash-in	uemoa-emi	post-event · alert	customer	high · 60
uemoa.sim_swap_payout	UE7	Payout soon after a SIM swap	uemoa-emi	real-time · block	customer	critical · 85
uemoa.wallet_outside_union	UE8	Mobile money transfer outside the UEMOA	uemoa-emi	post-event · alert	customer	medium · 40
uemoa.cash_report	UE1	Cash transaction at or above the CENTIF reporting threshold	uemoa-bank	post-event · alert	customer	low · 20
uemoab.linked_cash_daily	UEB1	Several cash operations in a day above XOF 9 million together	uemoa-bank	post-event · alert	customer	medium · 50
uemoab.special_examination	UEB2	Large operation by a new or high-risk customer	uemoa-bank	post-event · alert	customer	medium · 45
uemoab.cash_50m	UEB3	Cash operation of XOF 50 million or more	uemoa-bank	post-event · alert	customer	high · 60
uemoab.cash_debt_payment	UEB4	Debt paid in cash above XOF 5 million	uemoa-bank	post-event · alert	customer	high · 60
uemoab.deposit_structuring	UEB5	Cash deposits just below the CENTIF threshold	uemoa-bank	post-event · alert	customer	high · 70
uemoab.transfer_outside_union	UEB6	Large transfer outside the UEMOA	uemoa-bank	post-event · alert	customer	medium · 35
uemoab.pep_large	UEB7	PEP transaction above XOF 10 million	uemoa-bank	post-event · alert	customer	high · 70

The uemoa-emi pack (8 rules)

UEMOA e-money issuers and mobile money (in French: UEMOA : émetteurs de monnaie électronique et mobile money), version 1.1.0.

Typologies for e-money issuers (EME) and mobile money in the eight UEMOA states (Orange Money, Wave, MTN MoMo, Moov Money), in francs CFA: the CENTIF cash threshold, linked cash operations, the BCEAO e-money balance and monthly top-up caps, smurfing through agents, cash-out right after cash-in, SIM-swap payouts and wallet transfers outside the Union. Several rules reuse core and Ghana rules by reference. Values come from SpeculaPro’s research of BCEAO texts: confirm each with the BCEAO, the Commission Bancaire and your CENTIF before go-live.

Values to confirm with the regulator

These come from SpeculaPro’s research, not an official confirmation. Confirm each with the FIU or regulator before relying on it:

• CENTIF cash reporting threshold XOF 15,000,000 and linked-operations identification threshold XOF 9,000,000
• E-money caps per identified customer and issuer: XOF 2,000,000 balance and XOF 10,000,000 monthly top-ups until 1 November 2026, then XOF 4,000,000 and XOF 15,000,000 from 2 November 2026 (Instruction n°020 of 8 October 2026). The two rules switch by themselves on the transaction’s date (parameter new_limit_from): confirm the amounts and the effective date with the BCEAO; caps for unidentified customers are not set here
• Default amounts of the reused agent and SIM-swap rules (research, not regulation)

Sources the pack cites:

• BCEAO Décision n°021 du 21 décembre 2023 fixant les montants seuils (loi uniforme LBC/FT/FP)
• BCEAO: textes LBC/FT (instructions 001, 002 et 003-03-2025)
• BCEAO Instruction n°020 du 8 octobre 2026 modifiant l’Instruction 008-05-2015 (plafonds de monnaie électronique)

uemoa.cash_report

Cash transaction at or above the CENTIF reporting threshold · library UE1 · Cash reporting threshold · alert about the customer · severity low, score 20

In French: Opération en espèces atteignant le seuil de déclaration à la CENTIF.

Cash transactions of XOF 15,000,000 or more must be reported to the CENTIF (BCEAO Décision n°021 of 21 December 2023, art. 8, under the uniform AML/CFT/PF law). Reuses the core cash rule with the UEMOA threshold. Confirm with your CENTIF.

Reuses the logic of core.large_cash (from core) with the parameters below; only the values differ.

Parameter	Meaning	Default
threshold	Cash threshold (base currency)	15,000,000

Explanation shown to analysts: Cash transaction of {{txn.base_currency}} {{txn.amount}} at or above the {{txn.base_currency}} {{params.threshold}} CENTIF cash reporting threshold.

uemoa.linked_cash_daily

Several cash operations in a day above XOF 9 million together · library UE2 · Linked cash operations · alert about the customer · severity medium, score 50

In French: Plusieurs opérations en espèces dans la journée dépassant 9 millions FCFA au total.

Several cash operations by the same customer in one day that together exceed XOF 9,000,000, none of them alone: the customer must be identified (BCEAO Décision n°021, art. 3), and splitting cash this way is a structuring indicator.

Parameter	Meaning	Default
threshold	Together above (base currency)	9,000,000
min_ops	Operations in the day, at least	2

Explanation shown to analysts: {{= int(features.ops_a_24h + features.ops_b_24h) }} cash operations totalling {{txn.base_currency}} {{= features.sum_a_24h + features.sum_b_24h }} in 24 hours, above {{txn.base_currency}} {{params.threshold}} together.

Expression

txn.type in ['cash_in', 'cash_out'] && txn.channel in ['agent', 'cash', 'momo'] && txn.amount <= params.threshold && features.sum_a_24h + features.sum_b_24h > params.threshold && features.ops_a_24h + features.ops_b_24h >= double(params.min_ops)

uemoa.emi_monthly_topup

E-money top-ups above the BCEAO monthly cap · library UE3 · E-money cap breach · alert about the customer · severity medium, score 45

In French: Rechargements de monnaie électronique au-dessus du plafond mensuel BCEAO.

Money loaded on a customer’s e-money accounts at one issuer over 30 days above the BCEAO cap: XOF 10,000,000 a month, and XOF 15,000,000 from 2 November 2026 (Instruction n°020 of 8 October 2026 amending Instruction 008-05-2015, art. 31). The rule applies the cap in force on the transaction’s date, so it switches by itself on 2 November. Distributors and merchants acting professionally are exempt: list their segments or account types.

Parameter	Meaning	Default
monthly_limit	Monthly cap today (base currency)	10,000,000
monthly_limit_new	Monthly cap from the date below (base currency)	15,000,000
new_limit_from	New cap applies from (YYYY-MM-DD, by the transaction’s date; empty: never)	2026-11-02
exempt_segments	Exempt customer segments	["agent", "distributor", "merchant"]
exempt_account_types	Exempt account types	["agent", "merchant"]

Explanation shown to analysts: {{txn.base_currency}} {{features.in_30d}} loaded in 30 days, above the {{txn.base_currency}} {{= params.new_limit_from != ‘’ && txn.date >= params.new_limit_from ? params.monthly_limit_new : params.monthly_limit }} monthly e-money cap.

Expression

txn.direction == 'in' && !(customer.segment in params.exempt_segments) && !(account.type in params.exempt_account_types) && features.in_30d > (params.new_limit_from != '' && txn.date >= params.new_limit_from ? params.monthly_limit_new : params.monthly_limit)

uemoa.emi_balance_cap

E-money balance above the BCEAO cap · library UE4 · E-money cap breach · alert about the account · severity medium, score 40

In French: Solde de monnaie électronique au-dessus du plafond BCEAO.

A wallet whose balance after the transaction is above the BCEAO cap per identified customer and issuer: XOF 2,000,000, and XOF 4,000,000 from 2 November 2026 (Instruction n°020 of 8 October 2026). The rule applies the cap in force on the transaction’s date, so it switches by itself on 2 November. Needs the balance after the transaction in txn.attributes.balance_after; transactions without it are skipped. Distributors and merchants are exempt.

Parameter	Meaning	Default
max_balance	Balance cap today (base currency)	2,000,000
max_balance_new	Balance cap from the date below (base currency)	4,000,000
new_limit_from	New cap applies from (YYYY-MM-DD, by the transaction’s date; empty: never)	2026-11-02
exempt_segments	Exempt customer segments	["agent", "distributor", "merchant"]
exempt_account_types	Exempt account types	["agent", "merchant"]

Explanation shown to analysts: Balance of {{txn.base_currency}} {{txn.attributes.balance_after}} after this transaction, above the {{txn.base_currency}} {{= params.new_limit_from != ‘’ && txn.date >= params.new_limit_from ? params.max_balance_new : params.max_balance }} e-money cap.

Expression

'balance_after' in txn.attributes && double(txn.attributes.balance_after) > (params.new_limit_from != '' && txn.date >= params.new_limit_from ? params.max_balance_new : params.max_balance) && !(customer.segment in params.exempt_segments) && !(account.type in params.exempt_account_types)

uemoa.split_cash_in_agents

Cash-in split across many agents · library UE5 · Smurfing through agents · alert about the customer · severity high, score 70

In French: Dépôts d’espèces répartis entre de nombreux agents.

Cash-ins through several Orange Money, Wave, MTN or Moov agents in a day adding up to a large sum: smurfing through the distribution network. Reuses the Ghana rule with a franc CFA threshold.

Reuses the logic of gh.split_cash_in_agents (from gh-psp) with the parameters below; only the values differ.

Parameter	Meaning	Default
min_agents	Distinct agents in 24h	3
min_total	Total cash-in in 24h (base currency)	3,000,000

Explanation shown to analysts: Cash-ins via {{features.agents_24h}} different agents totalling {{txn.base_currency}} {{features.cash_in_24h}} in 24h.

uemoa.cash_out_after_cash_in

Cash-out right after cash-in · library UE6 · Wallet used as pass-through · alert about the customer · severity high, score 60

In French: Retrait juste après un dépôt.

Cash deposited at one agent and withdrawn at another within two hours: a wallet used as a pass-through, typical of mule wallets and of moving cash across a border. Reuses the Ghana rule with a franc CFA threshold.

Reuses the logic of gh.cash_out_after_cash_in (from gh-psp) with the parameters below; only the values differ.

Parameter	Meaning	Default
min_amount	Minimum cash-in (base currency)	500,000
ratio	Cash-out as share of cash-in	0.8

Explanation shown to analysts: {{txn.base_currency}} {{features.cash_in_2h}} cashed in and {{txn.base_currency}} {{features.cash_out_2h}} cashed out within 2 hours.

uemoa.sim_swap_payout

Payout soon after a SIM swap · library UE7 · SIM swap · real-time, answers block · about the customer · severity critical, score 85

In French: Paiement peu après un changement de carte SIM.

SIM-swap fraud: the fraudster takes over the customer’s number, receives the codes and empties the wallet. Reuses the Ghana rule with a franc CFA threshold.

Reuses the logic of gh.sim_swap_payout (from gh-psp) with the parameters below; only the values differ.

Parameter	Meaning	Default
sim_change_hours	Hours since the SIM swap	48
threshold	Payout at or above (base currency)	100,000

Explanation shown to analysts: SIM swapped {{customer.hours_since.sim_swap}} hours before this payout of {{txn.base_currency}} {{txn.amount}} (rule window: {{params.sim_change_hours}} hours).

uemoa.wallet_outside_union

Mobile money transfer outside the UEMOA · library UE8 · Cross-border mobile money · alert about the customer · severity medium, score 40

In French: Transfert mobile money hors de l’UEMOA.

A wallet transfer to or from a country outside the eight UEMOA states at or above the amount: cross-border mobile money corridors outside the BCEAO’s area are a placement and cash-courier risk, and fall under the exchange regulations.

Parameter	Meaning	Default
member_countries	UEMOA member countries (ISO codes)	["BJ", "BF", "CI", "GW", "ML", "NE", "SN", "TG"]
min_amount	Amount at or above (base currency)	500,000

Explanation shown to analysts: {{txn.base_currency}} {{txn.amount}} by mobile money to/from {{txn.counterparty_country}}, outside the UEMOA.

Expression

txn.channel == 'momo' && txn.amount >= params.min_amount && txn.counterparty_country != '' && !(txn.counterparty_country in params.member_countries)

The uemoa-bank pack (8 rules)

UEMOA banks (in French: UEMOA : banques), version 1.0.0.

Typologies for banks and microfinance institutions in the eight UEMOA states, in francs CFA, from the uniform AML/CFT/PF law and BCEAO Décision n°021 of 2023: the CENTIF cash threshold, linked cash operations, special examination of large operations, very large cash payments, cash payment of debts, structuring below the cash threshold, transfers outside the Union and PEP activity. Several rules reuse core and Nigeria rules by reference. Values come from SpeculaPro’s research: confirm each with the BCEAO, the Commission Bancaire and your CENTIF before go-live.

Values to confirm with the regulator

These come from SpeculaPro’s research, not an official confirmation. Confirm each with the FIU or regulator before relying on it:

• CENTIF cash reporting threshold XOF 15,000,000; identification of linked cash operations above XOF 9,000,000 a day
• Special examination of operations of XOF 10,000,000 or more (unusual or without apparent purpose) and of cash payments of XOF 50,000,000 or more
• Prohibition of cash payment of debts above XOF 5,000,000 (Instruction 233/07/2024)
• Threshold for transfers outside the UEMOA (research default, not a regulatory value)

Sources the pack cites:

• BCEAO Décision n°021 du 21 décembre 2023 fixant les montants seuils (loi uniforme LBC/FT/FP)
• BCEAO: textes LBC/FT (instructions 001, 002 et 003-03-2025)
• BCEAO Instructions 231/07/2024 and 233/07/2024 (cash declarations, cash payment of debts)

uemoab.linked_cash_daily

Several cash operations in a day above XOF 9 million together · library UEB1 · Linked cash operations · alert about the customer · severity medium, score 50

In French: Plusieurs opérations en espèces dans la journée dépassant 9 millions FCFA au total.

Several cash operations by the same customer in one day that together exceed XOF 9,000,000, none of them alone: the customer must be identified (BCEAO Décision n°021, art. 3), and splitting cash this way is a structuring indicator.

Parameter	Meaning	Default
threshold	Together above (base currency)	9,000,000
min_ops	Operations in the day, at least	2

Explanation shown to analysts: {{= int(features.ops_a_24h + features.ops_b_24h) }} cash operations totalling {{txn.base_currency}} {{= features.sum_a_24h + features.sum_b_24h }} in 24 hours, above {{txn.base_currency}} {{params.threshold}} together.

Expression

txn.type in ['deposit', 'withdrawal'] && txn.channel in ['cash', 'branch', 'atm', 'agent'] && txn.amount <= params.threshold && features.sum_a_24h + features.sum_b_24h > params.threshold && features.ops_a_24h + features.ops_b_24h >= double(params.min_ops)

uemoab.special_examination

Large operation by a new or high-risk customer · library UEB2 · Special examination (unusual large operation) · alert about the customer · severity medium, score 45

In French: Opération importante d’un client récent ou à risque élevé.

Operations of XOF 10,000,000 or more that are unusually complex or have no apparent economic purpose need a special examination (BCEAO Décision n°021, art. 4). Software can’t judge purpose: this flags such amounts by high-risk customers, customers onboarded recently, or paid to a new counterparty, for the analyst to examine.

Parameter	Meaning	Default
threshold	Amount at or above (base currency)	10,000,000
new_customer_days	Customer for at most (days)	90
ratings	High-risk ratings	["high", "unacceptable"]

Explanation shown to analysts: {{txn.base_currency}} {{txn.amount}} by a customer rated {{customer.risk_rating}}, onboarded {{customer.age_days}} days ago: at or above {{txn.base_currency}} {{params.threshold}}, to examine.

Expression

txn.amount >= params.threshold && (customer.risk_rating in params.ratings || customer.is_high_risk || (customer.age_days >= 0 && customer.age_days <= params.new_customer_days) || (txn.has_counterparty && counterparty.is_new_for_customer))

uemoab.cash_50m

Cash operation of XOF 50 million or more · library UEB3 · Cash reporting threshold · alert about the customer · severity high, score 60

In French: Opération en espèces de 50 millions FCFA ou plus.

Cash or bearer payments of XOF 50,000,000 or more get a special examination even in normal conditions (BCEAO Décision n°021, art. 4). Reuses the core cash rule.

Reuses the logic of core.large_cash (from core) with the parameters below; only the values differ.

Parameter	Meaning	Default
threshold	Cash threshold (base currency)	50,000,000

Explanation shown to analysts: Cash transaction of {{txn.base_currency}} {{txn.amount}}: at or above {{txn.base_currency}} {{params.threshold}}, special examination required.

uemoab.cash_debt_payment

Debt paid in cash above XOF 5 million · library UEB4 · Prohibited cash payment · alert about the customer · severity high, score 60

In French: Dette payée en espèces au-delà de 5 millions FCFA.

Paying a debt in cash above XOF 5,000,000, in one or several linked operations, is prohibited (BCEAO Instruction 233/07/2024; payments between private individuals acting outside a profession are exempt).

Parameter	Meaning	Default
threshold	Above (base currency)	5,000,000
types	Transaction types that settle a debt	["loan_repayment", "bill_payment", "payment"]

Explanation shown to analysts: {{txn.type}} of {{txn.base_currency}} {{txn.amount}} paid in cash, above the {{txn.base_currency}} {{params.threshold}} limit for paying debts in cash.

Expression

txn.type in params.types && txn.channel in ['cash', 'branch', 'agent'] && txn.amount > params.threshold

uemoab.deposit_structuring

Cash deposits just below the CENTIF threshold · library UEB5 · Structuring / smurfing · alert about the customer · severity high, score 70

In French: Dépôts en espèces juste sous le seuil CENTIF.

Cash deposits just below XOF 15,000,000, repeated within 48 hours and together above it: structuring to avoid the CENTIF cash report. Reuses the Nigerian deposit-structuring rule with the UEMOA threshold.

Reuses the logic of ngb.deposit_structuring (from ng-bank) with the parameters below; only the values differ.

Parameter	Meaning	Default
threshold	Threshold being avoided (base currency)	15,000,000
margin	Just below = within (0.1 = 10%)	0.1
min_count	Deposits in 48 hours, at least	3

Explanation shown to analysts: {{features.deposits_48h}} cash deposits totalling {{txn.base_currency}} {{features.deposit_sum_48h}} in 48 hours; this one ({{txn.base_currency}} {{txn.amount}}) is just below the {{txn.base_currency}} {{params.threshold}} threshold.

uemoab.transfer_outside_union

Large transfer outside the UEMOA · library UEB6 · Cross-border value · alert about the customer · severity medium, score 35

In French: Transfert important hors de l’UEMOA.

A transfer to or from a country outside the eight UEMOA states at or above the amount: transfers outside the Union fall under the UEMOA exchange regulations and are a layering channel. The default amount is a starting point, not a regulatory value.

Parameter	Meaning	Default
member_countries	UEMOA member countries (ISO codes)	["BJ", "BF", "CI", "GW", "ML", "NE", "SN", "TG"]
min_amount	Amount at or above (base currency)	10,000,000

Explanation shown to analysts: {{txn.base_currency}} {{txn.amount}} to/from {{txn.counterparty_country}}, outside the UEMOA.

Expression

txn.amount >= params.min_amount && txn.counterparty_country != '' && !(txn.counterparty_country in params.member_countries)

uemoab.pep_large

PEP transaction above XOF 10 million · library UEB7 · Politically exposed person · alert about the customer · severity high, score 70

In French: Opération d’une PPE au-delà de 10 millions FCFA.

A politically exposed person’s transaction at or above the threshold: the uniform law requires enhanced due diligence for PEPs, national and foreign. Reuses the core PEP rule.

Reuses the logic of core.pep_threshold (from core) with the parameters below; only the values differ.

Parameter	Meaning	Default
threshold	Threshold (base currency)	10,000,000

Explanation shown to analysts: Customer is a PEP; transaction of {{txn.base_currency}} {{txn.amount}} is at or above {{txn.base_currency}} {{params.threshold}}.

Also in this pack, described above:

Key	Library	Name
uemoa.cash_report	UE1	Cash transaction at or above the CENTIF reporting threshold

Related

• Pack contents
• Jurisdictions
• Pack contents: FATF baseline
• Filing with your FIU