Pack contents: Liberia

In short

Two packs are written for Liberia, in Liberian dollars (LRD). A workspace whose jurisdiction is Liberia (lr) sees them first in the rule library, marked Recommended for its kind of institution:

• lr-psp 1.0.0 (9 rules): mobile money operators, payment service providers and agent networks.
• lr-bank 1.0.0 (8 rules): banks, microfinance and rural community finance institutions.

Three rules, lr.ctr_cash (LR1), lr.border_region (LR2) and lr.usd_cash_report (LR3), are in both, so there are 14 different rules. All are post-event except lr.sim_swap_payout, which runs in a real-time decision. Every rule arrives switched off, and every rule has a French name and description, shown in a workspace using French (see Languages).

Most rules reuse a core, Ghana, Nigerian or UEMOA rule by reference: they run exactly the same logic with amounts in Liberian dollars. The pages for those base rules explain how they work.

Nothing on this page is confirmed: verify it with counsel

Every threshold, deadline and detail about the financial intelligence unit here comes from SpeculaPro’s own research of public sources. None has been confirmed by the Central Bank of Liberia or the Financial Intelligence Agency (FIA), or reviewed by a lawyer. The packs and the jurisdiction mark each such value to verify with counsel. This page is not legal advice. Before you switch a rule on or rely on a figure, verify it with your legal counsel and your MLRO, and confirm it with the regulator. Each pack below lists what to verify.

Only one amount per pack is a legal figure

The cash reporting threshold is the only amount meant to follow the law, and it is itself to verify. Every other amount is a starting value in Liberian dollars, chosen to be plausible, not taken from a regulation. Set each for your own customers when you review the rule.

lr.ctr_cash follows your workspace’s cash reporting setting: its comparison parameter defaults to workspace, so whether a transaction of exactly the threshold counts is decided by Report when the day’s cash is under Settings → Reporting, and the rule and the drafted cash transaction reports agree. See At or above, or above only.

lr.border_region needs to know where a transaction took place: send the place in the transaction’s attributes as region, district, town or branch_region. It matches the places named in its regions parameter and any you add to a list with the key high_risk_regions (see Lists).

Two currencies: Liberian dollars and US dollars

Liberia uses the Liberian dollar and the US dollar side by side. The FIA’s cash thresholds are understood to be written in US dollars (USD 5,000 for an individual, USD 10,000 for a business: to verify with counsel). The packs restate them in Liberian dollars at about LRD 200 to the dollar (LRD 1,000,000 and LRD 2,000,000): keep those amounts in line with the Central Bank of Liberia’s rate. lr.usd_cash_report applies the US-dollar figures directly to cash in US dollars. These packs are for a workspace whose base currency is the Liberian dollar. A workspace that keeps its books in US dollars follows Other country by itself: enter your own thresholds there.

The shared packs install rough LRD amounts

The jurisdiction also recommends core, fraud and global-fatf. From core 1.4.0, fraud 1.4.0 and global-fatf 1.2.0 they install default amounts in Liberian dollars, so the rule library no longer warns about the currency. Those amounts are the US dollar figures scaled at a rough exchange rate and rounded, with the cash reporting threshold above in the large-cash and structuring rules. They are unverified starting points: review every amount for your customers before you enable a rule. See Packs written in another currency.

All rules at a glance

Key	Library	Name	Pack	Mode · action	Alert about	Severity · score
lr.ctr_cash	LR1	Cash transaction at the FIA reporting threshold	lr-psp	post-event · alert	customer	low · 20
lr.structuring_below_ctr	LR4	Repeated cash-ins just below the reporting threshold	lr-psp	post-event · alert	customer	high · 70
lr.split_cash_in_agents	LR5	Cash-in split across many agents	lr-psp	post-event · alert	customer	high · 70
lr.cash_out_after_cash_in	LR6	Cash-out soon after cash-in	lr-psp	post-event · alert	customer	high · 60
lr.sim_swap_payout	LR7	Payout soon after a SIM swap	lr-psp	real-time · block	customer	critical · 85
lr.cross_border_wallet	LR8	Cross-border mobile money transfer	lr-psp	post-event · alert	customer	medium · 40
lr.collection_wallet_sweep	LR9	Collection wallet swept to a bank	lr-psp	post-event · alert	customer	high · 60
lr.border_region	LR2	Cash or wallet activity in a border or mining area	lr-psp	post-event · alert	customer	medium · 40
lr.usd_cash_report	LR3	US-dollar cash at the FIA reporting threshold	lr-psp	post-event · alert	customer	low · 20
lr.ctr_cash	LR1	Cash transaction at the FIA reporting threshold	lr-bank	post-event · alert	customer	low · 20
lrb.deposit_structuring	LRB1	Cash deposits just below the reporting threshold	lr-bank	post-event · alert	customer	high · 70
lrb.pep_large	LRB2	PEP transaction above LRD 1,000,000	lr-bank	post-event · alert	customer	high · 70
lrb.dormant_reactivation	LRB3	Dormant account suddenly active	lr-bank	post-event · alert	customer	medium · 45
lrb.new_payee_large	LRB4	Large instant transfer to a new payee	lr-bank	post-event · alert	customer	medium · 50
lrb.commodity_trade_hubs	LRB5	Commodity dealer paying or paid from a trading hub	lr-bank	post-event · alert	customer	medium · 50
lr.border_region	LR2	Cash or wallet activity in a border or mining area	lr-bank	post-event · alert	customer	medium · 40
lr.usd_cash_report	LR3	US-dollar cash at the FIA reporting threshold	lr-bank	post-event · alert	customer	low · 20

The lr-psp pack (9 rules)

Liberia mobile money, PSP and agents (in French: Libéria : mobile money, PSP et agents), version 1.0.0.

Typologies for Liberia’s mobile money operators, payment service providers and agent networks (MTN Mobile Money and Orange Money), in Liberian dollars: the FIA cash reporting threshold and structuring below it, smurfing through agents, cash moved through a wallet, SIM-swap payouts, cross-border wallet transfers, collection wallets swept to a bank, activity in border and mining areas, US-dollar cash at the FIA’s dollar thresholds. Most rules reuse core, Ghana and Nigeria rules by reference with local amounts. Values come from SpeculaPro’s research, not from an official confirmation: to verify with counsel, and confirm each with the Central Bank of Liberia and the FIA before go-live.

To verify with counsel

None of these is confirmed. They come from SpeculaPro’s research, not from the regulator or a lawyer. This is not legal advice: verify each with counsel and confirm it with the regulator before relying on it:

• To verify with counsel: CTR thresholds USD 5,000 (individual) and USD 10,000 (business), their equivalents LRD 1,000,000 and LRD 2,000,000 at about LRD 200 to the dollar, and same-day aggregation
• The places in the border and mining area rule: add your own on the high_risk_regions list
• Every amount that isn’t the CTR threshold is a starting value in Liberian dollars, not a regulatory figure: set it for your customers
• Mobile money wallet and transaction limits set by the Central Bank of Liberia: none is built into this pack; to verify with counsel and add as rules of your own
• US-dollar cash thresholds USD 5,000 (individual) and USD 10,000 (business) in lr.usd_cash_report

Sources the pack cites:

• Anti-Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing Act, 2012, as amended, and FIA regulations on currency and suspicious transaction reporting (to verify with counsel)
• Central Bank of Liberia: AML/CFT and mobile money regulations
• GIABA: mutual evaluation report of Liberia (second round)

lr.ctr_cash

Cash transaction at the FIA reporting threshold · library LR1 · Cash reporting threshold (CTR) · alert about the customer · severity low, score 20

In French: Opération en espèces au seuil de déclaration de la FIA.

Cash deposits, withdrawals, cash-ins and cash-outs of LRD 1,000,000 or more for an individual or LRD 2,000,000 or more for a business: a cash transaction report to the FIA is due (FIA currency transaction reporting regulation). Whether a transaction of exactly the threshold counts follows the workspace’s CTR setting (Settings → Reporting), which starts as “at or above” in Liberia, so this rule and the CTR drafts always agree. To verify with counsel, and confirm the thresholds and their application with the FIA. Reuses the Nigerian CTR rule with Liberia’s amounts.

Reuses the logic of ng.ctr_cash (from ng-psp) with the parameters below; only the values differ.

Parameter	Meaning	Default
threshold_individual	Individuals: above (base currency)	1,000,000
threshold_business	Businesses: above (base currency)	2,000,000
comparison	Report when the amount is: what Settings → Reporting says for CTRs (workspace), above the threshold (gt), or at or above it (gte)	"workspace"

Explanation shown to analysts: Cash {{txn.type}} of {{txn.base_currency}} {{txn.amount}} by {{= customer.type == ‘business’ ? ‘a business’ : ‘an individual’ }} is {{= (params.comparison == ‘workspace’ ? workspace.ctr_comparison : params.comparison) == ‘gte’ ? ‘at or above’ : ‘above’ }} the FIA cash reporting threshold. Confirm with current FIA guidance.

lr.structuring_below_ctr

Repeated cash-ins just below the reporting threshold · library LR4 · Structuring / smurfing · alert about the customer · severity high, score 70

In French: Dépôts d’espèces répétés juste sous le seuil de déclaration.

Cash-ins just below LRD 1,000,000 repeated within 48 hours and together above it: structuring to avoid a cash transaction report to the FIA. Reuses the core structuring rule with Liberia’s threshold.

Reuses the logic of core.structuring (from core) with the parameters below; only the values differ.

Parameter	Meaning	Default
threshold	Threshold being avoided	1,000,000
margin	Margin below threshold (0.10 = 10%)	0.1
min_count	Minimum cash-ins in 48h	3

Explanation shown to analysts: {{features.cash_in_count_48h}} cash-ins totalling {{txn.base_currency}} {{features.cash_in_sum_48h}} in 48h; this one ({{txn.base_currency}} {{txn.amount}}) is just below the {{txn.base_currency}} {{params.threshold}} FIA reporting threshold.

lr.split_cash_in_agents

Cash-in split across many agents · library LR5 · Smurfing through agents · alert about the customer · severity high, score 70

In French: Dépôts d’espèces répartis entre de nombreux agents.

Cash-ins through several agents in a day adding up to a large sum: smurfing through the agent network of MTN Mobile Money and Orange Money. Reuses the Ghana rule with an amount in Liberian dollars.

Reuses the logic of gh.split_cash_in_agents (from gh-psp) with the parameters below; only the values differ.

Parameter	Meaning	Default
min_agents	Distinct agents in 24h	4
min_total	Total cash-in in 24h (base currency)	200,000

Explanation shown to analysts: Cash-ins via {{features.agents_24h}} different agents totalling {{txn.base_currency}} {{features.cash_in_24h}} in 24h.

lr.cash_out_after_cash_in

Cash-out soon after cash-in · library LR6 · Wallet used as pass-through · alert about the customer · severity high, score 60

In French: Retrait d’espèces peu après un dépôt.

Most of what was cashed in at an agent is cashed out within two hours, often in another town: the wallet is used to move cash, not to hold or spend it. Reuses the Ghana rule with an amount in Liberian dollars.

Reuses the logic of gh.cash_out_after_cash_in (from gh-psp) with the parameters below; only the values differ.

Parameter	Meaning	Default
min_amount	Minimum cash-in (base currency)	100,000
ratio	Cash-out as share of cash-in	0.8

Explanation shown to analysts: {{txn.base_currency}} {{features.cash_in_2h}} cashed in and {{txn.base_currency}} {{features.cash_out_2h}} cashed out within 2 hours.

lr.sim_swap_payout

Payout soon after a SIM swap · library LR7 · SIM swap · real-time, answers block · about the customer · severity critical, score 85

In French: Paiement peu après un changement de carte SIM.

SIM-swap fraud: the fraudster has the customer’s number moved to another SIM, receives the PIN reset and one-time codes and empties the wallet. Reuses the Ghana rule with an amount in Liberian dollars.

Reuses the logic of gh.sim_swap_payout (from gh-psp) with the parameters below; only the values differ.

Parameter	Meaning	Default
sim_change_hours	Hours since the SIM swap	48
threshold	Payout at or above (base currency)	12,000

Explanation shown to analysts: SIM swapped {{customer.hours_since.sim_swap}} hours before this payout of {{txn.base_currency}} {{txn.amount}} (rule window: {{params.sim_change_hours}} hours).

lr.cross_border_wallet

Cross-border mobile money transfer · library LR8 · Cross-border mobile money · alert about the customer · severity medium, score 40

In French: Transfert mobile money transfrontalier.

A wallet transfer to or from another country at or above the amount. The main corridors are Sierra Leone, Guinea and Côte d’Ivoire; cross-border wallets carry informal trade and remittances, and with them cash-courier and exchange-control risk. Leave the corridor list empty to watch every country, or name the ones to watch.

Parameter	Meaning	Default
home_country	Home country (ISO code)	"LR"
corridors	Only these countries (ISO codes; empty = every other country)	[]
min_amount	Amount at or above (base currency)	100,000

Explanation shown to analysts: {{txn.base_currency}} {{txn.amount}} by mobile money to/from {{txn.counterparty_country}}, outside Liberia.

Expression

txn.channel == 'momo' && txn.amount >= params.min_amount && txn.counterparty_country != '' && txn.counterparty_country != params.home_country && (size(params.corridors) == 0 || txn.counterparty_country in params.corridors)

lr.collection_wallet_sweep

Collection wallet swept to a bank · library LR9 · Collection wallet · alert about the customer · severity high, score 60

In French: Porte-monnaie de collecte vidé vers une banque.

Many senders pay into one wallet over a week and most of it then leaves to a bank account: a collection point for a scam, an unlicensed deposit-taker or a mule. Reuses the Ghana rule.

Reuses the logic of gh.wallet_sweep_to_bank (from gh-psp) with the parameters below; only the values differ.

Parameter	Meaning	Default
min_senders	Distinct senders in 7 days	10
sweep_ratio	Transfer as share of 7-day inflow	0.7

Explanation shown to analysts: {{features.senders_7d}} senders paid in {{txn.base_currency}} {{features.in_7d}} over 7 days; {{txn.base_currency}} {{txn.amount}} is now leaving to a bank.

lr.border_region

Cash or wallet activity in a border or mining area · library LR2 · Border / cash courier risk · alert about the customer · severity medium, score 40

In French: Opération en espèces ou par porte-monnaie dans une zone frontalière ou minière.

A cash or mobile money transaction at or above the amount in an area named in the rule or on the workspace’s high_risk_regions list: by default the border crossings with Sierra Leone, Guinea and Côte d’Ivoire (Bo Waterside, Ganta, Loguatuo, Foya, Toe Town) and the gold and diamond areas of Gbarpolu. Cash couriers, smuggling proceeds and informal cross-border trade concentrate there. Send the place in txn.attributes (region, district, town or branch_region). Reuses the Ghana border-area rule with Liberia’s places and an amount in Liberian dollars.

Reuses the logic of gh.border_region (from gh-psp) with the parameters below; only the values differ.

Parameter	Meaning	Default
regions	Areas (towns, districts or regions)	["Ganta", "Loguatuo", "Bo Waterside", "Foya", "Voinjama", "Toe Town", "Harper", "Weasua", "Gbarpolu", "Zwedru"]
channels	Only these channels (empty = all)	["cash", "agent", "branch", "momo"]
min_amount	Amount at or above (base currency)	80,000

Explanation shown to analysts: {{txn.base_currency}} {{txn.amount}} by {{txn.channel}} in {{= [‘region’, ‘district’, ‘town’, ‘branch_region’].filter(k, k in txn.attributes).map(k, string(txn.attributes[k])).join(’, ’) }}, a border or high-risk area.

lr.usd_cash_report

US-dollar cash at the FIA reporting threshold · library LR3 · Cash reporting threshold (CTR) · alert about the customer · severity low, score 20

In French: Espèces en dollars américains au seuil de déclaration de la FIA.

Liberia runs on two currencies, and the FIA’s thresholds are written in US dollars: a cash deposit, withdrawal, cash-in or cash-out in US dollars of USD 5,000 or more by an individual, or USD 10,000 or more by a business, is reported whatever the Liberian-dollar rate that day. lr.ctr_cash applies the Liberian-dollar equivalents to every cash transaction; this rule applies the dollar figures to dollar cash, so a rate movement never hides one. To verify with counsel.

Parameter	Meaning	Default
fx_currency	Currency the thresholds are written in (ISO code)	"USD"
threshold_individual	Individuals: at or above (in that currency)	5,000
threshold_business	Businesses: at or above (in that currency)	10,000

Explanation shown to analysts: Cash {{txn.type}} of {{txn.currency}} {{txn.amount_original}} ({{txn.base_currency}} {{txn.amount}}) by {{= customer.type == ‘business’ ? ‘a business’ : ‘an individual’ }}: at or above the FIA’s US-dollar cash reporting threshold.

Expression

txn.currency == params.fx_currency && txn.type in ['cash_in', 'cash_out', 'deposit', 'withdrawal'] && txn.channel in ['cash', 'agent', 'branch', 'atm'] && txn.amount_original >= (customer.type == 'business' ? params.threshold_business : params.threshold_individual)

The lr-bank pack (8 rules)

Liberia banks (in French: Libéria : banques), version 1.0.0.

Typologies for Liberia’s commercial banks, microfinance and other deposit-taking institutions, in Liberian dollars: the FIA cash reporting threshold and deposits structured below it, PEP activity, dormant accounts, large transfers to new payees, foreign-currency cash, commodity traders dealing with trading hubs, activity in border and mining areas, US-dollar cash at the FIA’s dollar thresholds. Most rules reuse core, Ghana and Nigeria rules by reference with local amounts. Values come from SpeculaPro’s research, not from an official confirmation: to verify with counsel, and confirm each with the Central Bank of Liberia and the FIA before go-live.

To verify with counsel

None of these is confirmed. They come from SpeculaPro’s research, not from the regulator or a lawyer. This is not legal advice: verify each with counsel and confirm it with the regulator before relying on it:

• To verify with counsel: CTR thresholds USD 5,000 (individual) and USD 10,000 (business), their equivalents LRD 1,000,000 and LRD 2,000,000 at about LRD 200 to the dollar, and same-day aggregation
• The places in the border and mining area rule: add your own on the high_risk_regions list
• Every amount that isn’t the CTR threshold is a starting value in Liberian dollars, not a regulatory figure: set it for your customers
• US-dollar cash thresholds USD 5,000 (individual) and USD 10,000 (business) in lr.usd_cash_report

Sources the pack cites:

• Anti-Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing Act, 2012, as amended, and FIA regulations on currency and suspicious transaction reporting (to verify with counsel)
• Central Bank of Liberia: AML/CFT and mobile money regulations
• GIABA: mutual evaluation report of Liberia (second round)

lrb.deposit_structuring

Cash deposits just below the reporting threshold · library LRB1 · Structuring / smurfing · alert about the customer · severity high, score 70

In French: Dépôts d’espèces juste sous le seuil de déclaration.

Cash deposits at the counter just below LRD 1,000,000, repeated within 48 hours and together above it: structuring to avoid a cash transaction report to the FIA. Reuses the Nigerian bank rule with Liberia’s threshold.

Reuses the logic of ngb.deposit_structuring (from ng-bank) with the parameters below; only the values differ.

Parameter	Meaning	Default
threshold	Threshold being avoided (base currency)	1,000,000
margin	Just below = within (0.1 = 10%)	0.1
min_count	Deposits in 48 hours, at least	3

Explanation shown to analysts: {{features.deposits_48h}} cash deposits totalling {{txn.base_currency}} {{features.deposit_sum_48h}} in 48 hours; this one ({{txn.base_currency}} {{txn.amount}}) is just below the {{txn.base_currency}} {{params.threshold}} threshold.

lrb.pep_large

PEP transaction above LRD 1,000,000 · library LRB2 · Politically exposed person · alert about the customer · severity high, score 70

In French: Opération d’une PPE au-dessus de 1 000 000 LRD.

A politically exposed person’s transaction at or above the amount: enhanced due diligence and senior management approval apply to PEPs under the Central Bank of Liberia’s AML/CFT rules and FATF Recommendation 12. The amount is a starting value, not a legal threshold. Reuses the core PEP rule with an amount in Liberian dollars.

Reuses the logic of core.pep_threshold (from core) with the parameters below; only the values differ.

Parameter	Meaning	Default
threshold	Threshold (base currency)	1,000,000

Explanation shown to analysts: Customer is a PEP; transaction of {{txn.base_currency}} {{txn.amount}} is at or above {{txn.base_currency}} {{params.threshold}}.

lrb.dormant_reactivation

Dormant account suddenly active · library LRB3 · Dormant account reactivation · alert about the customer · severity medium, score 45

In French: Compte dormant redevenu soudainement actif.

An account with no activity for 90 days suddenly moving money: takeover, or reuse as a mule account. Reuses the core rule with an amount in Liberian dollars.

Reuses the logic of core.dormant_reactivation (from core) with the parameters below; only the values differ.

Parameter	Meaning	Default
dormant_days	Minimum account age (days); the quiet period is fixed at 90 days	90
min_amount	Minimum amount (base currency)	120,000

Explanation shown to analysts: No activity in the 90 days before today on an account {{account.age_days}} days old, then {{txn.base_currency}} {{txn.amount}}.

lrb.new_payee_large

Large instant transfer to a new payee · library LRB4 · Authorised push-payment fraud · alert about the customer · severity medium, score 50

In French: Virement instantané important vers un nouveau bénéficiaire.

A large instant transfer to a payee the customer has never paid: authorised push payment fraud and account takeover. Reuses the Ghana instant-payment rule with an amount in Liberian dollars.

Reuses the logic of ghb.gip_new_payee_large (from gh-bank) with the parameters below; only the values differ.

Parameter	Meaning	Default
threshold	Amount at or above (base currency)	600,000

Explanation shown to analysts: First instant transfer to this beneficiary: {{txn.base_currency}} {{txn.amount}}.

lrb.commodity_trade_hubs

Commodity dealer paying or paid from a trading hub · library LRB5 · Commodity trade / trade-based money laundering · alert about the customer · severity medium, score 50

In French: Négociant en matières premières en relation avec une place de négoce.

Gold, diamonds and timber leave Liberia largely through informal channels (national risk assessment; UN panel reports): a dealer or exporter in those sectors moving money with Dubai, Antwerp, Mumbai, Beirut or China outside its declared exports deserves a look. Matches a business whose segment, or customer.attributes.sector, is one of the sectors, on a payment to or from one of the hubs at or above the amount.

Parameter	Meaning	Default
sectors	Customer sectors (segment or attributes.sector, lower case; empty = every business)	["mining", "gold", "diamonds", "timber", "rubber"]
hubs	Trading hub countries (ISO codes)	["AE", "BE", "IN", "LB", "CN"]
min_amount	Amount at or above (base currency)	2,000,000

Explanation shown to analysts: {{txn.base_currency}} {{txn.amount}} {{txn.direction}} with {{txn.counterparty_country}}, a trading hub for this customer’s sector.

Expression

customer.type == 'business' && txn.counterparty_country in params.hubs && txn.amount >= params.min_amount && (size(params.sectors) == 0 || customer.segment.lowerAscii() in params.sectors || ('sector' in customer.attributes && string(customer.attributes.sector).lowerAscii() in params.sectors))

Also in this pack, described above:

Key	Library	Name
lr.ctr_cash	LR1	Cash transaction at the FIA reporting threshold
lr.border_region	LR2	Cash or wallet activity in a border or mining area
lr.usd_cash_report	LR3	US-dollar cash at the FIA reporting threshold

Related

• Pack contents
• Jurisdictions
• Pack contents: FATF baseline
• Pack contents: Nigeria
• Installing a pack